Classification
- WALS
- NC > Bantu
- Glottolog
- Atlantic Congo > Volta Congo > Benue Congo > Bantoid > Southernbantoid > Narrowbantu > Eastbantu > Southernbantu > Nuclearsouthernbantu > Dimsuffixsouthernbantu > Nguni Tsonga Copi > Nguni(s.40) > Nuclearnguni > Southernndebele Lowland > Swatic
- Ethnologue
- Niger Congo > Atlantic Congo > Volta Congo > Benue Congo > Bantoid > Southern > Narrowbantu > Central > S > Nguni(s.44)
Sources
- Ownby 2007
- Early Nguni history. Ann Arbor: UMI.
- Skhosana 2009
- The linguistic relationship between southern and northern Ndebele. Pretoria: University of Pretoria Ph.D. dissertation.